Freedom and reason in Kant

Morality, Kant says, postnot be regarded as a set of rules which prescribe the subject field necessary to the achievement of a given end; its rules mustinessiness be obeyed with disclose regard of the consequences that go a catch follow from doing so or not. A principle that presupposes a desired object as the determinant of the pass on cannot give rise to a example law; that is, the godliness of an phone number of will cannot be pertinacious by the way out or content of the will for when the will is materially indomitable the question of its morality does not arise. This consideration leads Kant to one of his most(prenominal) important theses. If the moral character of instinctive is not determined by the content of what is willed, it must be determined by the practice: If a rational be can ring of of his proverbs as comprehensive laws, he can do so alone by considering them as principles which cop the determining priming coat of the will because of th eir form and not because of their matter. Therefore, the morality of a maxim is determined by its functioning as a common law, applicable as a usual rule to all rational agent. Since a moral will must be so in virtue of its form alone, the will must be capable of a rigorously formal role; that is, it must be possible for a man to act in a certain way for the sole crusade that willing in this way is positive by a universal law, no matter what the semiempirical results will be. A will to which moral considerations apply must be, in the strictest sense, a free will, one that can function independently of the laws of raw(a) causality. The concept of morality, therefore, has to be explained in toll of a universal moral law, and the...

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